🌟 🌍 La dĂ©croissance, voie viable vers la durabilitĂ© et le bien-ĂȘtre…

Degrowth

📉 La dĂ©croissance, voie viable vers la durabilitĂ© et le bien-ĂȘtre…
📚 Deux articles rĂ©cents explorent ce concept en profondeur.

✎ La science au cƓur de la dĂ©croissance
Hickel et al. (2022) dans Nature soulignent l’importance de la science pour le succĂšs de la dĂ©croissance.

1. DĂ©passer le PIB – DĂ©velopper des indicateurs de bien-ĂȘtre plus complets que la simple croissance Ă©conomique.
2. Surmonter les obstacles – Comprendre et adresser les dĂ©fis sociaux et politiques liĂ©s Ă  la mise en Ɠuvre de la dĂ©croissance.
3. Nouveaux modĂšles Ă©conomiques – Explorer des alternatives qui privilĂ©gient la suffisance et la redistribution Ă  la croissance effrĂ©nĂ©e.
4. Le rĂŽle de la technologie – Évaluer le potentiel des technologies pour soutenir une stratĂ©gie de dĂ©croissance.

🏆🏆 Des politiques concrĂštes pour la dĂ©croissance selon Hickel et al. (2022) :
🔋 1. RĂ©orienter la production – RĂ©duire les secteurs gourmands en ressources comme les Ă©nergies fossiles, la mode rapide et l’obsolescence programmĂ©e.
🚒 2. Investir dans les services publics – Prioriser l’accĂšs universel aux soins de santĂ©, Ă  l’Ă©ducation et aux Ă©nergies renouvelables, pour un meilleur impact social avec une moindre consommation de ressources.
🍏 3. Garantie d’emplois verts – CrĂ©er des emplois axĂ©s sur les besoins environnementaux et sociaux, comme les Ă©nergies renouvelables ou la restauration des Ă©cosystĂšmes.
🎹 4. RĂ©duction du temps en emploi – Abaisser l’Ăąge de la retraite, encourager le travail Ă  temps partiel ou adopter une semaine de quatre jours, pour diminuer les Ă©missions et libĂ©rer du temps pour le bien-ĂȘtre.
🌍 5. DĂ©veloppement durable – Annuler les dettes injustes et impayables des pays Ă  faible et moyen revenu, promouvoir un commerce Ă©quitable et permettre aux pays Ă  faible revenu de rĂ©orienter leurs Ă©conomies vers des objectifs sociaux.

🌟 Aussi, Marquis (2024) dans Harvard Business Review rappelle la nĂ©cessitĂ© de repenser notre modĂšle Ă©conomique, et dĂ©monte trois mythes concernant la “croissance durable”…🌟

*ïžâƒŁ Mythe 1 : La transition Ă©nergĂ©tique – Passer entiĂšrement aux Ă©nergies renouvelables est illusoire. Elles ne font qu’augmenter les sources d’Ă©nergie existantes, entraĂźnant une augmentation nette de la consommation (voir aussi Fressoz, 2024).
*ïžâƒŁ Mythe 2 : L’efficacitĂ© Ă©nergĂ©tique – L’efficacitĂ© accrue conduit souvent Ă  des Ă©missions totales plus Ă©levĂ©es en raison de l’effet rebond. Les entreprises communiquent sur l’intensitĂ© de leurs Ă©missions de carbone plutĂŽt que sur leurs Ă©missions totales, masquant les progrĂšs rĂ©alisĂ©s.
*ïžâƒŁ Mythe 3 : L’innovation – Les innovations technologiques comme l’hydrogĂšne vert, la capture du carbone et la gĂ©o-ingĂ©nierie promettent beaucoup et livrent peu. Les impacts environnementaux de l’extraction des matiĂšres premiĂšres pour les vĂ©hicules Ă©lectriques et de la production et de l’Ă©limination des batteries sont graves et souvent ignorĂ©s.

Décroissance Soutenabilité JusticeSociale

Degrowth can work — here’s how science can help

Degrowth: A Viable Path Towards Sustainability and Well-being?

#Degrowth is gaining traction as a potential solution to our planet’s environmental and social crises. Two recent articles examined this concept in detail.

Science at the Heart of Degrowth

Hickel et al. (2022) in Nature emphasized the crucial role of science in achieving successful degrowth. They identified four key areas:

  1. Beyond GDP: Develop more comprehensive indicators of well-being that go beyond mere economic growth.

  2. Overcoming Barriers: Understand and address the social and political challenges of implementing degrowth.

  3. New Economic Models: Explore alternatives that prioritize sufficiency and redistribution over relentless growth.

  4. The Role of Technology: Evaluate the potential of technologies to support a degrowth strategy.

Concrete Degrowth Policies According to Hickel et al. (2022):

** 1. Reshape Production: Reduce resource-intensive sectors like fossil fuels, fast fashion, and planned obsolescence.

** 2. Invest in Public Services: Prioritize universal access to healthcare, education, and renewable energy for a better social impact with lower resource consumption.

** 3. Green Job Guarantee: Create jobs focused on environmental and social needs, such as renewable energy or ecosystem restoration.

** 4. Reduce Working Hours: Lower the retirement age, encourage part-time work, or adopt a four-day workweek to decrease emissions and free up time for well-being.

** 5. Sustainable Development: Cancel unfair and unpayable debts of low- and middle-income countries, promote fair trade, and enable low-income countries to reorient their economies towards social goals.

Marquis (2024) in the Harvard Business Review further highlighted the need to rethink our economic model and debunks three myths surrounding “sustainable growth”:

Myth 1: The Energy Transition: Switching entirely to renewable energy sources is an illusion. They often augment existing energy sources, leading to a net increase in energy consumption (see also Fressoz, 2024).

Myth 2: Energy Efficiency: Increased efficiency often leads to higher total emissions due to the rebound effect. Companies report their carbon emission “intensity” rather than overall emissions, obscuring progress towards reduced emissions.

Myth 3: Innovation: Technological innovations like green hydrogen, carbon capture, and geoengineering overpromise and underdeliver. The environmental impacts of mining raw materials for electric vehicles (EVs) and producing and disposing of EV batteries are severe and often overlooked.

#Degrowth #Sustainability #SocialJustice

Refs :
– Fitzpatrick, N., Parrique, T., & Cosme, I. (2022). Exploring degrowth policy proposals: A systematic mapping with thematic synthesis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 365, 132764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132764
– Fressoz, J.-B. (2024). Sans transition. Une nouvelle histoire de l’énergie: Une nouvelle histoire de l’énergie. Seuil.
– Froese, T., Richter, M., Hofmann, F., & LĂŒdeke-Freund, F. (2023). Degrowth-oriented organisational value creation: A systematic literature review of case studies. Ecological Economics, 207, 107765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2023.107765
– Heikkurinen, P. (2024). Degrowth: An Experience of Being Finite. Mayflybooks.
– Hickel, J., Kallis, G., Jackson, T., O’Neill, D. W., Schor, J. B., Steinberger, J. K., Victor, P. A., & Ürge-Vorsatz, D. (2022). Degrowth can work—Here’s how science can help. Nature, 612(7940), 400–403. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-04412-x
– Marquis, C. (2024, June 11). In Defense of Degrowth. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2024/06/in-defense-of-degrowth
– Plomteux, A. (2024). Frugal abundance: Conceptualisation for degrowth. Ecological Economics, 222, 108223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108223 
– Saito, K. (2024). Slow Down: The Degrowth Manifesto. Astra House.
– Verger, N. B., Duymedjian, R., Wegener, C., & Glăveanu, V. P. (2024). Creative Preservation: A Framework of Creativity in Support of Degrowth. Review of General Psychology, 10892680241256312. https://doi.org/10.1177/10892680241256312Â